Monthly averages of tide gauge records from Cascais (1882-present), including data from the old analogue tide gauge (jan 1882 – oct 2003), data from the digital acoustic tide gauge (nov 2003 – jun 2019) and data from the digital radar tide gauge (jul 2019 – present). Data from the new digital tide gauges (in Cascais Marina), as of november 2003, are corrected for the vertical movement of the support structure, based on high-precision geometric leveling measurements
Reference in the Portuguese Vertical Datum (Cascais1938, relative to the average of the period 1882-1938).

Monthly averages series (1882-2016)

Citation:
Antunes, C. (2019) Assessment of Sea Level Rise at West Coast of Portugal Mainland and Its Projection for the 21st Century. J. Mar. Sci. Eng. Int., 7(3), 61, doi.org/10.3390/jmse7030061

MSL seasonality of Cascais Tide Gauge, used to determine the seasonal component of the tidal model (bold black curve), corresponding to the sum of the mean period harmonic constituents, SA - Solar Annual and SSA - Solar Semi-Annual (blue bold curve ).

Citation:
Antunes, C. (2016). Subida do Nível Médio do Mar em Cascais, revisão da taxa actual. Actas das 4.as Jornadas de Engenharia Hidrográfica, Instituto Hidrográfico, 2016. ISBN - 978-989-705-097-8.

Return periods of tide height and storm surge extremes (maximum annual values) of 1960-2022 series of the Cascais tide gauge.

Citations:
[2] Antunes C, Rocha C. and Catita C. (2019) Coastal Flood Assessment due to Sea Level Rise and Extreme Storm Events: A Case Study of the Atlantic Coast of Portugal’s Mainland. Geosciences, 9(5), 239, doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9050239
[1] Vieira R., Antunes C. e Taborda R. (2012) Caracterização da sobreelevação meteorológica em Cascais nos últimos 50 anos. Actas das 2.as Jornadas de Engenharia Hidrográfica, Instituto Hidrográfico, Lisbon, Portugal.

MSL variation in the offshore of the Iberian Peninsula west coast, between 35.9º and 44.2º latitude north and -16.5º and -8.5º longitude east (1993-2022). In this western section of the Atlantic Ocean the SLR rate as doubled, having increased from 2.6 mm/year to 5.9 mm/year between the periods 1993-2009 and 2009-2022.

Data source:
NASA Sea Level Portal

MSL rise series comparison, between the global (GMSL) and North Atlantic (MSL) models from satellite altimetry and the Cascais tide gauge series (1993-2019).
MSL(2000) reference, located 13 cm above the Portuguese Vertical Datum "Cascais1938".

Citation:
Antunes C. (2019) Assessment of Sea Level Rise at West Coast of Portugal Mainland and Its Projection for the 21st Century. J. Mar. Sci. Eng. Int., 7(3), 61, doi.org/10.3390/jmse7030061

Global MSL components: 1) Altimeter_GSLR is the total volumetric component of Global Mean Sea Level eustatic variation given by Satellite Altimetry of the Topex/Poseidon and Jason 1, 2 and 3 missions (sum of mass and steric components); 2) OceanMass_SLR is the increase in oceanic mass measured through the GRACE satellite missions (1st mission and Grace Follow-on mission); and 3) Steric_SLT is the oceans thermal expansion measured with the ARGO floaters network.
MSL(2000) reference, located 13 cm above the Portuguese Vertical Datum "Cascais1938".

References:
[3] Watkins et al., 2015, doi: 10.1002/2014JB011547;
[2] Willis, Hamlington, Fournier, 2023.
[1] Beckley et al., 2017.

Updated reconstruction of data from the worldwide tide gauge network between 1880-2019 from Church & White (2011) and satellite altimetry data from the Australian CSIRO center (1993-2020).
MSL(2000) reference, located 13 cm above the Portuguese Vertical Datum "Cascais1938".

Data source:
https://www.cmar.csiro.au/sealevel/sl_hist_few_hundred.html